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Image Search Results
Journal: Journal of Virology
Article Title: Induction of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Thymidine Kinase (ORF21) by X-Box Binding Protein 1
doi: 10.1128/JVI.01555-19
Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of ORF21 luciferase (LUC) promoter constructs and results of activation of various promoter constructs by XBP-1u and XBP-1s. (A) ORF21 promoter contains 4 XBP-1 response element (XRE) core sequences (5ʹ-ACGT-3ʹ) (44), including 2 consensus (5ʹ-NNGNTGACGTGKNNNWT-3ʹ) XRE sequences (3 and 4) within 1,239 bp upstream of the ORF21 start codon (nucleotide positions 34144 to 35382 of KSHV-BAC36; GenBank accession number HQ404500). Consensus XREs are indicated as black squares and the other two (core only) XREs as gray squares. XRE1, −8 to −5; XRE2, −262 to −259; XRE3, −321 to −318; XRE4, −629 to −626. Direction of each XRE is indicated with an arrow. Consensus core HREs are shown as black triangles. Constructs of promoters pORF21-624, pORF21-316, and pORF21-256 were made by sequential deletions as shown. (B) Comparison of the activation of the ORF21-1239, vIL-6, and ORF36 promoter luciferase reporter constructs by XBP-1 unspliced (XBP-1u) or spliced (XBP-1s). HEK-293T cells were cotransfected with 300 ng of different promoter luciferase plasmids and 50 ng of an internal β-Gal control plasmid (pGL3 basic empty vector) in the presence of 100 ng of an expression plasmid encoding XBP-1u, XBP-1s, or pcDNA3.1 expression plasmid control. Values are expressed as fold increase over the respective control reporter plasmid transfected with an empty expression vector (pcDNA3.1) and represent the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars denote the standard deviations, and asterisks show the P values (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01) for the comparison shown with the pGL3B control. (C) Comparison of the activation of ORF21 and truncated forms of the ORF21 luciferase reporter by XBP-1s or pcDNA3.1 plasmid control. 293T cells were cotransfected with 300 ng of each ORF21 promoter and 50 ng of an internal β-Gal control plasmid in the presence of 100 ng of an expression plasmid encoding XBP-1s or pcDNA3.1 control. Values are expressed as fold increase over pGL3basic transfected with an empty expression vector (pcDNA3.1) and represent the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars denote the standard deviations, and asterisks show the P values as in (B).
Article Snippet: Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with
Techniques: Luciferase, Construct, Activation Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Transfection
Journal: Journal of Virology
Article Title: Induction of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Thymidine Kinase (ORF21) by X-Box Binding Protein 1
doi: 10.1128/JVI.01555-19
Figure Lengend Snippet: ChIP showing binding of XBP-1s to the ORF21 promoter in TM-treated cells. BCBL-1 cells were treated with DMSO (A) or TM treatment (0.5 μg/ml) (B) for 48 hours to induce XBP1s and then cross-linked. Chromatin IP of fragmented DNA was performed with anti-XBP-1 antibody, CHIP positive-control anti-histone H3 antibody, or control IgG. Precipitated DNA was assayed by qPCR with specific primers for amplification of XRE2, 3, or 4 of the ORF21 promoter and with primers for an ORF21, ORF36 non-XRE region as a negative control. The data were quantitated as described in the Materials and Methods. Results shown are the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations from a typical experiment of three experiments performed. In controls performed at the same time, DNA immunoprecipitated with histone H3 antibody, but not XBP-1 antibody or control IgG, was enriched for RPL30 exon 3.
Article Snippet: Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with
Techniques: Binding Assay, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Positive Control, Amplification, Negative Control, Standard Deviation, Immunoprecipitation
Journal: Journal of Virology
Article Title: Induction of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Thymidine Kinase (ORF21) by X-Box Binding Protein 1
doi: 10.1128/JVI.01555-19
Figure Lengend Snippet: XBP-1, ORF21, RTA ,and vIL-6 mRNA upregulation mediated by TM, a chemical inducer of XBP-1s, in the BCBL-1 PEL line. BCBL-1 cells were treated with increasing doses of TM to induce ER stress; cells were also treated with TPA as an inducer of RTA or a DMSO control. Real-time quantitative PCR showing expression of spliced XBP-1 (A) and total XBP-1 (B) in BCBL-1 cells treated with the compounds shown for 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h. (C, D, and E) Real-time quantitative PCR showing expression of ORF21, vIL-6, and RTA mRNA in BCBL-1 cells cultured in the same way and harvested at 4 hours (C), 8 hours (D), and 24 hours (E). Shown are the mean ± the standard deviation of triplicate determinations from one representative experiment out of three expressed as the fold change compared with the DMSO control.
Article Snippet: Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with
Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Cell Culture, Standard Deviation
Journal: Journal of Virology
Article Title: Induction of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Thymidine Kinase (ORF21) by X-Box Binding Protein 1
doi: 10.1128/JVI.01555-19
Figure Lengend Snippet: RNAscope analysis of ORF21 and XBP-1 in representative sections of a lymph node from a patient with KSHV-MCD. (A and B) A paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node from a patient with KSHV-MCD was analyzed for ORF21 (green) and XBP-1 (red) mRNA as described in the Materials and Methods. The white arrows denote cells that express both ORF21 and XBP-1, while the pink arrow denotes a cell that expresses ORF21 only. In addition, CD20 protein expression is identified by immunohistofluorescence (blue), and nuclei identified by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) is shown in gray. (C) A probe-control section stained for CD20. It is worth noting that most KSHV plasmablasts do not express CD20. The scale bar is 100 μm.
Article Snippet: Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with
Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistofluorescence, Staining